Metabolic disorder models are genetically engineered or diet-induced animal models developed to recapitulate key features of human metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/MASH, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia (gout), and osteoporosis. These models enable mechanistic studies of metabolic dysregulation, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and bone mineral density loss.